French and British Colonialism Bibliography usage :: essays research papers

Topic: What were the legacies of French and British colonialism in Sub-Saharan Africa? How similar/different were those legacies? Paul Nugent. (2004). Africa Since Independence. Palgrave Macmillan This is a comparative study of the different trajectories and experiences of independent African states. It addresses the differential legacies of British, French, Portuguese, Belgian and Spanish colonialism as well as the unique qualities of imperial Ethiopia and Liberia Richard Hughes (2003). Capricorn: David Stirling's African Campaign. Radcliffe Press Capricorn is the story of a small band of idealists in the decade before independence that believed a future without racial discrimination would allow the countries of east and central Africa to prosper. Story wises the effects of the turbulent history of post-colonial Africa and its disappointment to idealists and to politicians who hoped for peace in countries free of European control. Retrieved July 2004 from: Nicholas Pederson, ACDIS-Arms Control Disarmament and International Security, French Colonialism in Africa at: www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect3.html This series paper details France’s need for uranium, a resource made an advantage to France by its colonialism in Africa. The paper also details the events of Africa’s largest and longest lasting colonial empires in history-the French Colony. Details factors involved in the decision to pursue African based colonies and details the ideas involved in assimilating and associating the African people into French culture. Retrieved July 2004 from: Nicholas Pederson, ACDIS-Arms Control Disarmament and International Security French Colonialism In Africa Post-WWII at: www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/OPs /sect4.html The paper details the beginning of the end of French Colonialism in Africa by Charles de Gaulle creation of the Fifth French Republic in 1958 and his coming to power. Retrieved July 2004 from: University of Nothern Iowa, Geographic Alliance of Iowa: Standard Four: The Human Characteristics of Nigeria at: www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background The article details the events of Nigeria’s creation through British colonialism. Also details the legacies left behind in Nigeria such as the English language, culture, and presents a balanced view of Nigeria’s stereotypes and truths. Linguistic and the Political Geography of Nigeria are also detailed. Retrieved June 2004 from: University of Maryland. ICONS Americas Transatlantic Connections at: http://www.icons.umd.edu/americas/afr-am.htm The article highlights the differences between administrative policies of British colonialism and Latin, French policies. Very brief and to the point but also contains links to Organization of Africans in the Americas(Europe). O. Patricia Cambridge, Ph.D. (2000) Africa Untold. Ohio Univeristy Detailed similarities of the effects of European colonies on Africa’s Religion, Politics, Economics, Women, Children, Men and Kinship.

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Movie Review Essay

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, written by John Boyle is a fictional novel of the unlikeiest of friendships, the son of a Nazi commandant and a Jew suffering in the largest concentration camp. I believe innocence that is created by a sheltered and caring family is an important theme of the novel. Bruno was unaware that his father was a Nazi commander or that he is living right next door to Auschwitz concentration camp. His parents were trying to protect him from hearing the truth or understanding the reality of what was happening outside his window. Bruno’s innocence and vulnerability caused him to misunderstand the situation around him. He hears â€Å"Auschwitz† as â€Å"Out-with† and also incorrectly hears â€Å"the Fuhrer† as â€Å"the Fury. † Athough he was best friends with Shmuel, he was completely oblivious to the situation Shmuel was in. â€Å"No one’s ever given me an arm band,’ said Bruno. ‘But I never asked to wear one,’ said Shmuel. ‘All the same,’ said Bruno, ‘I think I’d quite like one. I don’t know which one I’d prefer though, your one or Father’s. † This shows that the innocence of a protected childhood results in a misunderstood reality. When looking back at my childhood, I can see how my parents protected me from some harsh realities that other children face. I had no idea what a broken family was since I had a stable and caring family. I would hear stories on the news of child abuse and violence but never really understood how that would feel. It was not until I was older and I realised issues like this are actually out there and it is the enviroment many children grow up in. I believe another important theme in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, is bullying. Throughout the novel the Nazis demonstrated their hatred for the Jews. The Nazis believed they were much more important than the Jews and they deserved to die. Lieutenant Kurt Kotler was one example of a bully in the novel. He abused and hated the family’s Jewish servant, Pavel. â€Å"Pavel held his cap before him in his hands and nodded, which made his head bow even lower than it already was. ‘Yes, sir,’ he said in a quiet voice, so quiet that he may not even have said it at all. ‘And afterwards, when you return to the kitchen, make sure you wash your hands before touching any of the food, you filthy-‘ Lieutenant Kotler repeated the word he had used twice already and he spat a little as he spoke. This was how he spoke to Pavel. Lieutenant Kurt’s rank put him in a position of power over the Jews. I see a similarity of this in high school. Some older students believe they are much more important than the younger students just because they have been there longer. Some act like they are better than everyone else. Younger people then go through the younger high school years feeling terrible and miserable about themselves.

Different Views on Cloning Essay - 1579 Words

When people think of the word cloning they think of evil scientist in a dark laboratory’s full of dangerous and scary instruments of science for conducting experiments, when actually the word clone means, â€Å"a cell, cell product, or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which it was derived (Dictionary.com).† In the past 50 years the science community has made many discoveries such as the cures for different life threatening diseases, different techniques of approaching different types of cancer, and different uses for the practice of cloning. Different people have many opinions about cloning. Some people in the medical field support the practice of cloning, because they believe it can help cure certain†¦show more content†¦Another reason the scientific community rejects the idea of cloning is because some homosexual couples want children and that is the only way they can conceive children, but â€Å"Some people want to ban h uman cloning because they believe this is the only method that homosexuals can have children that will most likely be homosexual too (Phil B.)†, which only shows ignorance of the average closed minded American chauvinist. Some other people do not support the practice of cloning for making race of super strong, less intelligent, sub humans being used for slavery and cheap labor. If scientist were to make a race of sub humans for slavery then that would completely undermine the Emancipation Proclamation that declared, â€Å"that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforward shall be free (Lincoln)†, which eventually lead up to Juneteenth, the oldest known celebration commemorating the ending of slavery in the United States. Most people that do not support the practice of cloning because that it kills most embryos in the delicate process of cloning because, â€Å"During the human cloning process, a lot of human embryos are created and teste d for viability. Some are either discarded or frozen for future use. First, it is heavily debated if killing a human embryo that is only a few living cells is murdering a person (Phil for Humanity)†, and many people view it as murder. In every new advancement in science and medicine is accompanied by heavyShow MoreRelatedThe Consequences Of Cloning In Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe invention of cloning, both a blessing and a curse, can possibly enable humanity to reach eternal life. An invention is the creation of a device developed after a study or an experiment, in the hopes of benefiting society. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who creates life that he later rejects. His invention results in consequences for both himself and his creation. Both cloning and the creation of the monster was made to benefit and advance society’sRead More Human cloning: what are the ethics, applications and potential undesirable consequences?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant about it is that there is constant disagreement in new views between scientists and society. One such problem is the question of human cloning. Firstly, the term â€Å"cloni ng† must be defined: â€Å"Cloning is the production of an exact genetic duplicate of a living organism or cell† (Baird 2002, 20). This procedure not only led to producing a sheep, Dolly, but it can also have other very useful applications. Using different methods of cloning is expected to change radically the process of organ transplantationRead MoreCloning VS Religion Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesof what cloning can be in the future. People one day will be able to create another version of themselves or someone else. Cloning does not just apply to creating whole humans, but also discusses the attempt to create new cells to help cure different diseases. Science and religion often clash, and in this situation they do through majority of the religions. Buddhism has arguments for and against cloning, where Catholisicm does not like any type of cloning. From a Buddhist point of view sufferingRead MoreModern Medicine And Biotechnology Have Increased The Lifespan Of Humans Across The World1282 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. Cloning is a form of biotechnology. The process of producing an organism that is genetically identical is called cloning. Cloning is an asexual reproduction process. Cloning in biotechnology is manually cloning an organism or molecular cloning of DNA fragments. There are three types of cloning in biotechnology; reproductive cloning which are used to produce an exact copy of an existing organism, DNA cloning which are used to produce copies of DNA fragments, and Therapeutic cloning, which isRead MoreArguments Against Genetic Engineering673 Words   |  3 Pagesbook given by the European Parliament â€Å"The cloning of human beings†¦ cannot under any circumstance be justified or tolerated by any society, because it is serious violation of fundamental human rights and is contrary to the principle of equality of human beings as it permits a eugenic and racist selection of the human race, it offends against human dignity and requires experimentation on humans†. I believe that most of the world probably shares these same views and I agree with the statement wholeheartedlyRead More Cloning Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesCloning For hundreds of years man has wondered what it would be like to clone human beings. With the idea of cloning comes many different opinions and positions. The idea of creating an army of super humans has long been a dream of many people. Others have feared what would happen to the world if cloning were possible and if cloning is morally correct. Overall, religion and ethics play a vital role in the both of these viewpoints and greatly effect many positions on the topic of cloningRead MoreCloning Stem Cells From Cloned Embryos Case Study1693 Words   |  7 Pages A less common view holds that obtaining stem cells from cloned embryos poses fewer ethical problems than obtaining stem cells from discarded IVF embryos. Several Scientist and Ethicist have argued that embryos resulting from SCNT do not have the same moral status we normally accord to other embryos: the combination of a somatic nucleus and an enucleated egg a â€Å"transnuclear egg†, is a mere â€Å"artifact† with no â€Å"natural purpose† or potential â€Å"to evolve into an embryo and eventually a human beingRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cloning1445 Words   |  6 Pagesstart to gain from it? Cloning procedures on plants and animals have been performed since the 1800’s. However, it just recently gained awareness in the 1990’s when Dolly the Sheep was cloned. Cloning is definitely a big advance in science; nonetheless, it can also be a very controversial subject. Cloning is a good thing as long as it is done with the wellbeing of the animals in mind or if it is being done on plants, as it is a breakthrough for science. Some forms of cloning can be a positive medicalRead MoreIs Cloning Not Ethical?1425 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial topic of cloning. Cloning is an exact, precise copy of an organism (â€Å"Cloning†). Even though cloning provides many benefits, human cloning is not ethical because it will cost a tremendous amount of money and time. Cloning will also destroy evolution, and finally each and every human, even a clone, deserves a sense of individuality. As mentioned earlier, cloning is the copying of an organism that results in identical offspring (â€Å"Cloning†). Scientists have tried cloning many times on frogsRead MoreAnimal Cloning Debate Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Cloning Debate A clone is a genetic copy of another living organism –animal, plant or human. Animal cloning is a widely discussed issue in our society today. The question now is whether the Australian government should ban animal cloning. Many opinions are generated from this subject, such as the justifiability of cloning, and how far it should go. Religious views are prevalent, so too are numerous ethical concerns. The issue of whether or not the government should

The History and Achievements of Palomar Observatory

Southern California is home to two major observatories, Mount Wilson, north of Los Angeles, and Palomar Observatory, northeast of San Diego. Both were conceived in the late 19th century, built and expanded in the 20th Century, and continue to do cutting-edge astronomy observations in the 21st. Palomar Observatory, located on Palomar Mountain, is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and was started by astronomer George Ellery Hale. He was also the brains behind the Mount Wilson Observatory. Hale was a Caltech founder and was very interested in building ever-larger and more accurate telescopes. Palomar Observatory Telescopes Palomar Observatory is located northeast of San Diego, California, at the summit of Palomar Mountain.The biggest telescope at Palomar is the 200-inch, 530-ton Hale Telescope. It was named for founder George Ellery Hale.The 48-inch Samuel Oschin Telescope is operated remotely and uses a variety of cameras and instruments.  It produces hundreds of images per night in survey mode.The facilitys 60-inch telescope came online in 1970 and is remotely operated by astronomers at Caltech.Astronomers have used Palomar telescopes to discover and study everything from exoplanets, Kuiper Belt Objects, and supernovae, to dark matter and distant galaxies. The 200-Inch Telescope Palomar is home to one of the largest telescopes in the world, the 200-inch Hale Telescope. Built by Hale with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, the creation of its mirror and building began in the 1920s. The Hale Telescope had its first light in late 1949, and it has been one of the premier instruments for astronomy ever since. It was painstakingly built, and its mirror carefully hauled up the mountain in 1947, just two years before its first light. The 200-inch Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory. Caltech/Palomar Observatory Today, the 200-inch Hale telescope is outfitted with adaptive optics systems that help it capture clear imagery. Astronomers use a Large  Format Camera (LFC) to study objects in visible light, as well as a Wide-field Infrared Camera (WIRC) to capture data about distant objects in infrared light. There are also several images available that help astronomers use the telescope to study various cosmic objects over several wavelengths.   To support such a huge telescope and its instruments, the builders of Palomar Observatory placed it all on a giant stell mount. The whole telescope weighs 530 tons and requires very precise motors for motion. Because southern California is subject to earthquakes, the telescope and its mount rest on piers that are anchored to bedrock some 22 feet below ground. this provides a very stable platform for the very precise observations astronomers need.   More Palomar Telescopes The 200-inch wasnt the only telescope built and installed at Palomar. Astronomer Fritz Zwicky used a much smaller 18-inch telescope on the mountain to do his supernova research. That instrument is currently decommissioned. In 1948, the 48-inch Schmidt telescope was put into service and has been used ever since. It has been renamed the Samuel Oschin Schmidt telescope in honor of a southern California entrepreneur who donated money to the observatory. This telescope is also famous for its use in one of the first large photographic sky surveys ever undertaken: the Palomar Observatory/National Geographic Sky Survey (known colloquially as POSS).  The plates from that survey are still in use today. Today, the Oschin telescope is equipped with a state-of-the-art CCD detector and is currently in robotic mode, surveying the skies for a variety of objects.  It has been used to study large-scale structures in the universe, to look for dwarf planets, and to detect the sudden flares that herald explosive events such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and outbursts by active galactic nuclei. In the 1970s, Palomar Observatory also opened a 60-inch telescope to astronomers. It was a gift by the Mayer family and is a survey telescope. The Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar Observatory. Scott Roberts, Michael Vergara, Jean Large. CC BY-SA 3.0 Famous Discoveries at Palomar Over the years, a number of prominent astronomers have made observations using both Mount Wilsons large telescope and Palomars 200-inch and smaller instruments. They include Edwin P. Hubble, Fritz Zwicky, Allan Sandage, Maarten Schmidt, Eleanor Helin, Vera P. Rubin (who was one of the first women allowed to use the telescope), Gene and Carolyn Shoemaker, and Mike Brown. Between them, these astronomers expanded our view of the universe, looked for evidence of dark matter, tracked comets, and, in an interesting twist of astronomy politics, used the telescope to downgrade dwarf planet Pluto. That breakthrough sparked a debate that continues to this day in the planetary science community. Visiting Palomar Observatory When possible, Palomar Observatory opens its doors to public visitors, even as it conducts professional research for astronomers. It also maintains a staff of volunteers who help with visitors and represent the observatory at local community events. Sources â€Å"Caltech Optical Observatories.† The 48-Inch Samuel Oschin Telescope, www.astro.caltech.edu/observatories/coo/.â€Å"Hale Telescope, Palomar Observatory.† NASA, NASA, www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?idPIA13033.The 48-Inch Samuel Oschin Telescope, www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/homepage.html.

“AP” By John Updike Presents Readers With A Straightforward

â€Å"AP† by John Updike presents readers with a straightforward narrative structure that features striking characterization. The first paragraphs contain eloquent descriptions of Queenie and her friends’ physical characteristics and the alluring draw of their blatant sexuality on display. However, a deeper and more specific kind of characterization comes to the forefront as the story develops. The text contains perceptive character profiles of the various types of newly emerging American consumers. â€Å"AP† was published in 1961. This was a time of rapidly expanding American consumerism and an unquenchable thirst for countless products and services. Lengel, the manager, is a businessman who, within limits, benefits from the capitalist system he†¦show more content†¦Sex appeal holds the boys’ attention as the girls walk around the store; however, it is this sexuality framed against the context of capitalism that stirs Sammy to quit his job. There are multiple moments in the text that offer visual images of this melding of capitalism and sex. Sammy describes the oddity of seeing a bathing suit, not on the beach, but parading around the AP â€Å"under the fluorescent lights, against all those stacked packages† (Updike 296). Or again when Queenie retrieves a folded dollar bill from the â€Å"hollow at the center of her nubbled pink top† (Updike 297). These descriptive passages embody the merging of sexuality and consumerism that drives the story. They also serve as perfect visual representations of the inherent nature of capitalism’s influence on consumers: i.e., always in the background but never the less forcibly present, or inescapable. Tyson makes a point about how dangerous it is for capitalism to exist as a â€Å"distant backdrop† in society (Tyson 133). In this way, capitalism influences people without their conscious knowledge, therefore leaving them ill equipped to tangibly understand a nd resist its influence. This is the exact dilemma in which Sammy finds himself at the end of the story. The capitalist system that thrives in Updike’s â€Å"AP† is also portrayed more traditionally and straightforward at various other points in the story.

Music LessonBrandenburg Free Essays

Write a brief definition of: Tonality Modulation Harmony Chord Root First Inversion Seventh Chord Oh no it’s a Theory Byte Technical Name for the notes of the scale. As LIMIT ACID Key Relationships Key Signatures F C G DAD B Order of sharps C] Semitone above = name of key. BEAD G CB order of flats Name of PENULTIMATE flat = key signature All major keys have related minor – same key signature. We will write a custom essay sample on Music LessonBrandenburg or any similar topic only for you Order Now Minor 3rd below key note e. G. G major relative minor is E Minor. Circle of Fifths Tonality and Harmony Class work – Discuss: 0 Tonal Plan and Key Relationships CLC Modulations L] Analysis of Chords and Cadences C] Circle of Fifths. Private Study Tasks Continue working on your composition using the feedback/targets we discussed. Don’t forget Deadline One is 1 9th October. Make sure that your Brandenburg score notes are fully complete as we will be working on questions next week in preparation for an assessment in the final week. Listen to the piece a number of times – use your annotated score to follow the music. Create a glossary of the key musical terms which link to the Brandenburg Concerto. Add musical examples where appropriate. (Retooling, Basso Continuo, Figured Bass, Flute a beck, Natural Trumpet, Arpeggio, Sequence (rising, falling), Ripen, Concertina, Counterpoint, Tutu, Unison, Trill, Dominant Seventh, Dominant Pedal, Syncopation, Homophobic, Diminished Seventh Chord, Circle of Fifths) Extra help Extra support with composition -? please book a slot of time with me. Period 5 on Friday. Theory Support. Mr. Reed is available on Friday periods 3 and 4. How to cite Music LessonBrandenburg, Papers

Transgender Sexuality And The Transgender Rights Movement Essay Example For Students

Transgender Sexuality And The Transgender Rights Movement Essay Most people don’t have to think about which bathroom to use. They use the one labeled men’s or the one labeled women’s. It’s a simple decision. For transgender individuals, however, it is not that easy. The transgender rights movement has gained a lot of attention in recent years and with that attention brings many issues and questions. One of the issues that has popped up is which bathroom transgender people should use. Some think that people should only use the bathroom of the sex that they were assigned at birth while others feel they should be able to use the one that corresponds with the gender they feel they are and live as. Forcing transgender individuals to use the bathroom of their biological sex may seem like a good solution to this problem. However, on top of promoting violence and harassment and violating rights, this is attempting to fix a controversy that should never have been one to begin with.One of the biggest concerns when it comes to transgender bathroom use is violence and harassment. Violence is a valid concern, but while it does happen in bathrooms, transgender men and women tend to encounter it more. The Office of Civil Rights noticed that along with gay and bisexual students, transgender students report high levels of sexual assault (Kennedy). Facts such as that mixed with concerns of violence cause many transgender people to be scared of using the bathroom. Whichever bathroom they use they will likely face judgement and even violence, but it is often in the bathroom of their biological sex that it will be the worst. Teagon Widmer, a transgender woman, said that while she might get insulted in a women’s bathroom, in a men s she could â€Å"get called a faggot or a tranny and then beaten up† (Steinmetz 3). Al. . starting to become. It is getting rid of the controversy and confusion that will make public bathrooms a better place for everyone. As Teagan Widmer said, â€Å" It doesn’t seem like a controversial issue to me. it’s pretty simple. People need to pee† (Steinmetz). Public bathrooms need to be free of violence and harassment. People should feel that their privacy is being respected while they are using it. Making transgender individuals use a bathroom that they are not comfortable using is not the key to making that happen. If anything, it causes more violence and lack of privacy. Everyone should have the right to use the bathroom of the gender that matches who they are and who they live as. If everyone would realize that using the bathroom does not have to be such a tremendous controversy, it would make public bathroom use a much better and easier experience for everyone.